Method for 3 dimensional pocket-forming

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure describes a methodology for wireless power transmission based on pocket-forming. The method includes a transmitter device capable of forming pockets of energy used by a receiver device to charge an electronic device such as a computers, cell phones, tablet and/or devices of the like. The method may include using an array of antennas at the transmitter to locate the position of a receiver device. The transmitter may identify the position of the device by capturing a signal from a receiving device using two subsets from the array of antennas. The subset of antennas may then be adjusted to form pockets of energy at the appropriate location of the receiving device. Previously stored data pertaining to each antenna in the array may serve to determine the proper adjustments for the entire array of antennas based on the results from the subsets used to capture the receivers signal.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present disclosure is related to U.S. Non-Provisional Patent application Ser. Nos. 13/891,430 filed May 10, 2013, entitled “Methodology For Pocket-forming”; 13/891,455 filed May 10, 2013, entitled “Transmitters For Wireless Power Transmission”; and 13/925,469 filed Jun. 24, 2013, entitled “Methodology for Multiple Pocket-Forming” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by these references.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to wireless power transmission, and more particularly to a method for wireless power transmission based on pocket-forming,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Portable electronic devices such as smart phones, tablets, notebooks and others have become an everyday need in the way we communicate and interact with others. The frequent use of these devices may require a significant amount of power, which may easily deplete the batteries attached to these devices. Therefore, a user is frequently needed to plug in the device to a power source, and recharge such device. This may be inconvenient and troublesome if the user forgets to plug in or otherwise charge a device, the device may run out of power and be of no use to the user until the user is again able to charge the device.

There are many approaches in the literature that have tried to reduce the impact of the changing needs of portable electronic devices. In some cases the devices have rechargeable batteries. However, the aforementioned approach requires a user to carry around extra batteries, and also make sure that the extra set of batteries is charged. Solar-powered battery chargers are also known, however, solar cells are expensive, and a large array of solar cells may be required to charge a battery of any significant capacity. Other approaches involve a mat or pad that allows to charge a device without physically connecting a plug of the device, by using electromagnetic signals, in this case, the device still requires to be placed in a certain location for a period of time in order to be charged. Assuming a single source power transmission of electro-magnetic (EM) signal, an EM signal gets reduced by a factor of 1/r ² inches magnitude over a distance r. Thus, the received power at a large distance from the EM transmitter is a small fraction of the power transmitted.

To increase the power of the received signal, the transmission power would have to be boosted. Assuming that the transmitted signal has an efficient reception at three centimeters from the EM transmitter, receiving the same signal power over a useful distance of three meters would entail boosting the transmitted power by 10,000×. Such power transmission is wasteful, as most of the energy would be transmitted and not received by the intended devices, it could be hazardous to living tissue, it would most likely interfere with most electronic devices in the immediate vicinity, and it may be dissipated as heat.

In yet another approach such as directional power transmission, it would generally require knowing the location of the device to be able to point the signal in the right direction to enhance the power transmission efficiency. However, finding the location of a device when managing an array of antennas may be computationally intensive and may require a large amount of resources, even when the device is located, efficient transmission is not guaranteed due to reflections and interference of objects in the path or vicinity of the receiving device.

Therefore, a wireless power transmission method solving the aforementioned problems is desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a methodology for pocket-forming. The methodology includes at least one transmitter and one or more receivers. In one or more aspects of the present disclosure, the transmitter may include a housing having at least two antenna elements, at least one radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), at least one digital signal processor or micro-controller which may be connected to a power source. The housing may also include a communications component. In another aspect of the present disclosure, a receiver may include a housing having at least one antenna element, one rectifier, one power converter, and one or more communications component.

The method for pocket-forming starts when the receiver generates a short signal (e.g., RF) through one or more antenna elements. The transmitter, which may have an array of antenna elements, intercepts this signal with a first subset and a second subset of antenna elements and sends it to a micro-controller. The micro-controller decodes the signal and identifies the gain and phase from the signal. sent by the receiver, and hence determining the direction for sending the pockets of energy. The transmitter may then adjust the array of antennas based on the direction and may form a channel or path between the transmitter and receiver. Once the channel is established, the transmitter may transmit controlled Radio Frequency (RF) waves which may converge in 3-d space. These RF waves may be controlled through phase and/or relative amplitude adjustments to form constructive and destructive interference patterns (pocket-forming). Pockets of energy may form at constructive interference patterns and can he 3-dimensional in shape whereas mill-spaces may be generated at destructive interference patterns. A receiver may then utilize pockets of energy produced by pocket-forming for charging or powering an electronic device, for example a laptop computer and thus effectively providing wireless power transmission. In other situations there can be multiple transmitters and/or multiple receivers for powering various electronic equipment for example smartphones, tablets, music players, toys and others at the same time.

A method for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission, comprises the steps of determining a receiver location connected to a portable electronic device for charging or powering the device; capturing a first signal from the receiver with a first subset of antennas from an antenna array on a transmitter; switching to a different subset of antennas on the transmitter; capturing a second signal from the receiver with a second subset of antennas from the antenna array on the transmitter; and processing the first and second signals by a Microprocessor on the transmitter in order to adjust the antenna array on the transmitter to form pockets energy directed to the receiver to charge or power the electronic device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present disclosure are described by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures, Which are schematic and may not be drawn to scale. Unless indicated as representing prior art, the figures represent aspects of the present disclosure. The main features and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood with the following descriptions, claims, and drawings, where:

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless power transmission example situation using pocket-forming.

FIG. 2 illustrates a component level embodiment for a transmitter.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example transmitter configuration that can be used in accordance with various embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a method of identifying a receiver location and adjusting transmitter antennas accordingly.

FIG. 5 is an example embodiment an antenna array configuration for capturing receiver signals.

FIG. 6 is another example embodiment of an antenna array configuration for capturing receiver signals.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Definitions

“Pocket-forming” may refer to generating two or more RF waves which converge in 3-d space, forming controlled constructive and destructive interference patterns.

“Pockets of energy” may refer to areas or regions of space where energy or power may accumulate in the form of constructive interference patterns of RF waves.

“Null-space” may refer to areas or regions of space where pockets of energy do not form because of destructive interference patterns of RF waves.

“Transmitter” may refer to a device, including a chip which may generate two or more RF signals, at least one RF signal being phase shifted and gain adjusted with respect to other RF signals, substantially all of which pass through one or more RF antenna such that focused. RE signals are directed to a target.

“Receiver” may refer to a device including at least one antenna element, at least one rectifying circuit and at least one power converter, Which may utilize pockets of energy for powering, or charging an electronic device.

“Adaptive pocket-forming” may refer to dynamically adjusting pocket-forming to regulate power on one or more targeted receivers.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof In the drawings, which may not be to scale or to proportion, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings and claims, are not meant to he limiting. Other embodiments may be used and/or and other changes may he made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 illustrates wireless power transmission 100 using pocket-forming. A transmitter 102 may transmit controlled Radio RF waves 104 Which may converge in 3-d. space. These Radio frequencies (RF) waves may be controlled through phase and/or relative amplitude adjustments to form constructive and destructive interference patterns (pocket-forming). Pockets of energy 108 may be formed at constructive interference patterns and can be 3-dimensional in shape whereas null-spaces may be generated at destructive interference patterns. A receiver 106 may then utilize pockets of energy 108 produced by pocket-forming for charging or powering an electronic device, for example a laptop computer 110 and thus effectively providing wireless power transmission. In other situations there can be multiple transmitters 102 and/or multiple receivers 10$ for powering various electronic equipment for example smartphones, tablets, music players, toys and others at the same time. In other embodiments, adaptive pocket-forming may be used to regulate power on electronic devices.

FIG. 2 depicts a basic block diagram of a transmitter 200 which may be utilized for wireless power transmission. Such transmitter 200 may include one or more antenna elements 202, one or more radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC 204), one or more microcontroller 206, a communication component 208, a power source 210 and a housing 212, which may allocate all the requested components for transmitter 200. Components in transmitter 200 may be manufactured using meta-materials, micro-printing of circuits, nano-materials, and the like.

Transmitter 200 may be responsible for the pocket-forming, adaptive pocket-forming and multiple pocket-forming through the use of the components mentioned in the foregoing paragraph. Transmitter 200 may send wireless power transmission to one or more receivers 106 in form of radio signals, such signals may include any radio signal with. any frequency or wavelength,

Antenna elements 202 may include flat antenna elements 202, patch antenna elements 202, dipole antenna elements 202 and any suitable antenna for wireless power transmission. Suitable antenna types may include, for example, patch antennas with heights from about ⅛ inches to about 1 inch and widths from about ⅛ inches to about 1 inch. Shape and orientation of antenna elements 202 may vary in dependency of the desired features of transmitter 200, orientation may be flat in X, Y, and Z axis, as well as various orientation types and combinations in three dimensional arrangements. Antenna elements 202 materials may include any suitable material that may allow radio signal transmission with high efficiency, good heat dissipation and the like. Number of antenna elements 202 may vary in relation with the desired range and power transmission capability on transmitter 200, the more antenna elements 202, the wider range and higher power transmission capability.

Antenna elements 202 may include suitable antenna types for operating in frequency bands such as 900 MHz, 2.5 GHz or 5.8 GHz as these frequency bands conform to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations part 18 (Industrial, Scientific and Medical equipment). Antenna elements 202 may operate in independent frequencies, allowing a multichannel operation of pocket-forming.

In addition, antenna elements 202 may have at least one polarization or a selection of polarizations. Such polarization may include vertical pole, horizontal pole, circularly polarized, left hand polarized, right hand polarized, or a combination of polarizations. The selection of polarizations may vary in dependency of transmitter 200 characteristics. In addition, antenna elements 202 may be located in various surfaces of transmitter 200.

Antenna elements 202 may operate in single array, pair array, quad array and any other suitable arrangement, Which may be designed in accordance with the desired application.

RFIC 204 may include a plurality of RIF circuits which may include digital and/or analog components, such as, amplifiers, capacitors, oscillators, piezoelectric crystals and the like. RFIC 204 may control features of antenna elements 202, such as gain and/or phase for pocket-forming and manage it through direction, power level, and the like. The phase and the amplitude of pocket-forming in each antenna elements 202 may be regulated by the corresponding RFIC 204 in order to generate the desired pocket-forming and null steering. In addition RFIC 204 may be connected to microcontroller 206, which may include a digital signal processor (DSP), PIC-Class microprocessor, central processing unit, computer and the like, Microcontroller 206 may control a variety of features of RFIC 204 such as, time emission of pocket-forming, direction of the pocket-forming, bounce angle, power intensity and the like. Furthermore, microcontroller 206 may control multiple pocket-forming over multiple receivers or over a single receiver. Furthermore, transmitter 200 may allow distance discrimination of wireless power transmission.

In addition, microcontroller 206 may manage and control communication protocols and signals by controlling communication component 208. Microcontroller 206 may process information received by communication component 208 which may send and receive signals to and from a receiver in order to track it and concentrate pocket of energy 108 on it. In addition, other information may be transmitted from and to receiver 106; such information may include authentication protocols among others. Communication component 208 may include and combine Bluetooth technology, infrared communication, WI-FI, FM radio among others. Microcontroller 206 may determine optimum times and locations for pocket-forming, including the most efficient trajectory to transmit pocket forming in order to reduce losses because obstacles. Such trajectory may include direct pocket-forming, bouncing, and distance discrimination of pocket-forming.

Transmitter 200 may be fed by a power source 210 which may include AC or DC power supply. Voltage, power and current intensity provided by power source 210 may vary in dependency with the required power to be transmitted. Conversion of power to radio signal may be managed by microcontroller 206 and carried out by RFIC 204, which may utilize a plurality of methods and components to produce radio signals in a wide variety of frequencies, wavelength, intensities and other features. As an exemplary use of a variety of methods and components for radio signal generation, oscillators and piezoelectric crystals may be used to create and change radio frequencies in different antenna elements 202. In addition, a variety of filters may be used for smoothing signals as well as amplifiers for increasing power to be transmitted.

Transmitter 200 may emit pocket-forming with a power capability from few watts to over hundreds of watts. Each antenna may manage a certain power capacity. Such power capacity may be related with the application.

In addition to housing 212, an independent base station may include microcontroller 206 and power source 210, thus, several transmitters 200 may be managed by a single base station and a single microcontroller 206. Such capability may allow the location of transmitters 200 in a variety of strategic positions, such as ceiling, decorations, walls and the like.

Antenna elements 202, RFIC 204 and microcontroller 206 may be connected in a plurality of arrangements and combinations, which may depend on the desired characteristics of transmitter 200.

FIG. 3 is an example of a transmitter configuration 300 that includes a plurality of antenna elements 202. Antenna elements 202 may form an array by arranging rows of antennas 302 and columns of antennas 304. Transmitter configuration 300 may include at least one RFIC 204 to control features of antenna elements 202, such as gain and/or phase for pocket-forming and manage it through direction, power level, and the like. The array of antenna elements 202 may be connected to a microcontroller 206, which may determine optimum times and locations for pocket-forming, including the most efficient trajectory to transmit pocket forming in order to reduce losses because of obstacles. Such trajectory may include direct pocket-forming, bouncing, and distance discrimination of pocket-forming.

A transmitter 102 device may utilize antenna elements 202 to determine the location of a receiver 106 in order to determine how to adjust antenna elements 202 to form pockets of energy 108 in the appropriate location. A receiver 106 may send a train signal to transmitter 102 in order to provide information. The train signal may be any conventional know signals that may be detected by antenna elements 202. The signal sent by receiver 106 may contain information such as phase and gain.

FIG. 4 is a method for determining receiver location 400 using antenna elements 202. Method for determining receiver location 400 may be a set of programmed rules or logic managed by microcontroller 206. The process may begin by capturing first signal 402 with a first subset of antennas from the antenna array. The process may follow immediately by switching to a different subset of antenna elements 202 and capturing second signal 404 with a second subset of antennas, For example, a first signal may be captured with a row of antennas 302 and the second capturing may be done with a column of antennas 304. A row of antennas 302 may provide a horizontal degree orientation such an azimuth in a spherical coordinate system. A column of antennas 304 may provide a vertical degree orientation such as elevation. Antenna elements 202 used for capturing first signal 402 and capturing second signal 404 may be aligned in straight vertical, horizontal or diagonal orientation. The first subset and second subset of antennas may be aligned in a cross like structure in order to cover 360 degrees around transmitter 102.

Once both vertical and horizontal values have been measured, microcontroller 206 may determine the appropriate values 40$ of phase and gain for the vertical and horizontal antenna elements 202 used to capture the signal. Appropriate values for phase and gain may be determined by the relationship of the position of the receiver 106 to the antenna elements 202 used. The values may be used by microcontroller 206 in order to adjust antenna elements 202 to form pockets of energy 108 that may be used by a receiver 106 in order to charge an electronic device.

Data pertaining to initial values of all antenna elements 202 in transmitter 102 may be calculated and stored previously for use by microcontroller 206 in order to assist in the calculation of appropriate values for antenna elements 202. After the appropriate values for the vertical and horizontal antennas used for capturing the signal have been determined, the process may continue by using the stored data to determine appropriate values for all the antennas in the array 408. Stored data may contain initial test values of phase and gain for all antenna elements 202 in the array at different frequencies. Different sets of data may be stored for different frequencies and microcontroller 206 may select the appropriate data set accordingly.

Microcontroller 206 may then adjust all antennas 410 through RFIC 204 in order to form pockets of energy 108 at the appropriate locations.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example embodiment of an array subset configuration 500 that may be used in method for determining receiver location 400. Transmitter 200 may include an array of antennas 502. A row of antennas 504 may be used first for capturing a signal sent by a receiver 106. Row of antennas 504 may then transfer the signal to the RFIC 204 (not shown in FIG. 5), where the signal may be converted from a radio signal to a digital signal and passed on to microcontroller 206 for processing. Microcontroller 206 may then determine appropriate adjustments for phase and gain in row of antennas 504 in order to form pockets of energy 108 at the appropriate locations based on the receiver 106 locations. A second signal may be captured by a column of antennas 508. Column of antennas 508 may then transfer the signal to the RFIC 204 (not shown in FIG. 5), where the signal may be converted from a radio signal to a digital signal and passed on to microcontroller 206 for processing. Microcontroller 206 may then determine appropriate adjustments for phase and gain in column of antennas 508 in order to form. pockets of energy 108 at the appropriate locations based on the receiver 106 locations. Once the appropriate adjustments have been determined for row of antennas 504 and column of antennas 508 microcontroller 20$ may determine the appropriate values for the rest of antenna elements 202 in array of antennas 502 by using previously stored data about the antennas and adjusting accordingly with the results from row of antennas 504 and column of antennas 508,

FIG. 6 illustrates another example embodiment of an array subset configuration 600. In array subset configuration 600 both initial signals are captured by two diagonal subsets of antennas 602. The process follows the same path, such that each subset is adjusted accordingly. Based on adjustments made and the previously stored data, the rest of antenna elements 202 in array of antennas 502 are adjusted.

While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments may be contemplated. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims. 

Having thus described the invention, 1 claim:
 1. A method for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission, comprising the steps of: capturing a first signal from a receiver with a first subset of antennas from an antenna array on a transmitter; switching to a different subset of antennas on the transmitter; capturing a second signal from the receiver with a second subset of antennas from the antenna array on the transmitter; and processing the first and second signals by a microprocessor on the transmitter in order to adjust the antenna array on the transmitter to form pockets of energy directed to the receiver to charge or power an electronic device.
 2. The method for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 1, wherein the first signal is captured with a row of antennas and the second signal is captured by a column of antennas in the transmitter array of antennas.
 3. The method for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 2, wherein the row of antennas provide a horizontal degree orientation such as an azimuth in a spherical coordinate system and wherein the column of antennas provide a vertical degree orientation such as elevation in the spherical coordinate system.
 4. The method for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 3, wherein the first and second subset of antennas are aligned in a cross structure in order to cover 360 degrees around the transmitter.
 5. The method for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 1, further includes the step of measuring the horizontal and vertical values to determine appropriate values of phase and gain to determine a position of the receiver to the antenna array of the transmitter.
 6. The method for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 5, wherein the values of phase and gain are used by the microprocessor to adjust transmitter antennas to form pockets of energy used by the receiver in order to charge or power the electronic device.
 7. The method for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 1, further comprising the step of communicating between the electronic device receiver and the transmitter through short RF waves or pilot signals on conventional wireless communication protocols including Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee or FM radio signal with the power level information for the electronic device to be charged.
 8. The method for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 1, further comprising the steps of calculating the data pertaining to initial test values of all antennas in the transmitter and saving previously stored data of test values for use by the microprocessor to assist in the future calculation of appropriate values for the transmitter antennas in the array at different frequencies.
 9. The method for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 8, wherein the microprocessor determines appropriate adjustments for phase and gain in the row of transmitter antennas in order to form pockets of energy at the appropriate locations based on the receiver location.
 10. The method for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 8, further including the step of utilizing previously stored data about the transmitter antennas for adjusting the antenna array accordingly with the results from the row of antennas and from the column of antennas.
 11. The method for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 1, further including two diagonal subsets of antennas for capturing the first and second signals and based upon the signals captured adjustments are made and data about the antennas are stored then the rest of the antenna in the array are accordingly adjusted.
 12. A device for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission, comprising: a receiver connected to a portable electronic device to receive charging or powering from a transmitter with an antenna array; a first subset of antennas within the antenna array on the transmitter for capturing a first signal generated by the receiver; a second subset of antennas within the antenna array on the transmitter for capturing a second signal generated by the receiver; and a microprocessor mounted within the transmitter for processing the first and second signals in order to adjust the first and second subset of antennas within the antenna array to transmit pockets of energy to the receiver for charging or powering the electronic device.
 13. The device for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 1, wherein the first signal is captured with a row of antennas and the second signal is captured by a column of antennas in the transmitter array of antennas.
 14. The device for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 1, wherein the row of antennas provide a horizontal degree orientation such as an azimuth in a spherical coordinate system and wherein the column of antennas provide a vertical degree orientation such as elevation in the spherical coordinate system.
 15. The device for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 1, wherein the microprocessor calculates the measurements of the horizontal and vertical values of the first and second signals for appropriate values of phase and gain to determine appropriate values for all antennas in the transmitter array in order to adjust all of the antennas in the transmitter array.
 16. The device for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 1, wherein each transmitter operates at different frequencies, power intensities and different ranges to power the electronic device.
 17. An apparatus for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission, comprising: a receiver connected to an electronic device for communicating with a transmitter by generating first and second signals representative of horizontal and vertical orientation or values in a spherical system; and a first and second subset of antenna elements for capturing the horizontal and vertical values of the receiver for the microprocessor to calculate the appropriate values of the phase and gain for the vertical and horizontal antenna elements used to capture the signals and used by the microprocessor to adjust antenna elements of the transmitter for forming pockets of energy used by the receiver to charge and power the electronic device,
 18. The apparatus for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 17, further including communication circuitry in the receiver and transmitter wherein the communication circuitry utilizes Bluetooth, infrared, Wi-Fi, FM radio or Zigbee for the communication protocols.
 19. The apparatus for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 17, wherein the antenna elements are flat antenna elements, patch antenna elements, dipole antenna elements with heights from approximately ⅛ inches to about 1 inch and widths from approximately ⅛ inches to about 1 inch.
 20. The apparatus for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 17, wherein the antenna elements of the transmitter operate in frequency bands of 900 MHz, 2.5 GHz or 5.8 GHz.
 21. The apparatus for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 17, wherein the antenna elements of the transmitter operate in independent frequencies that allow a multichannel operation of pocket-forming in a single array, pair array, quad array or other suitable arrangement.
 22. The apparatus for 3-dimensional pocket-forming in wireless power transmission of claim 17, wherein the antenna elements of the transmitter include polarization of vertical pole, horizontal pole, circularly polarized, left hand polarized, right hand polarized or a combination of polarizations. 